Stereotype A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
Prejudice -An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members.
Thought Processes and Prejudice -Categorization The tendency to group similar objects. May be a means to explain stereotypes Other-Race Effect The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races.
Discrimination In social relations, taking action against a group of people because of stereotyped beliefs and feelings of prejudice. Ingroup vs Outgroup Ingroup “Us” People with whom we share a common identity. Outgroup “Them” Those perceived as different or apart from “us” (the ingroup). Ingroup Bias Tendency to favor one’s own group at the expense of other groups
Scapegoat Theory The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Just-World Phenomenon The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Reflects child’s attitude that good is rewarded and evil is punished
Bystander Effect The tendency for a person to be less likely to give aid if other people are present. John Darley - Psychologist who, with Bibb Latane, researched the circumstances that determine when a bystander will intervene on behalf of another person. Famous case of Kitty Genovese--38 people heard her cry for help but didn’t help. She was raped and stabbed to death. Factors Increasing Bystander Intervention -not in a hurry -believe the victim deserves help -in a good mood -feeling guilty -live in a small town or rural area -just saw someone being helpful
A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
Prejudice
-An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members.
Thought Processes and Prejudice
-Categorization
The tendency to group similar objects. May be a means to explain stereotypes
Other-Race Effect
The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races.
Discrimination
In social relations, taking action against a group of people because of stereotyped beliefs and feelings of prejudice.
Ingroup vs Outgroup
Ingroup “Us”
People with whom we share a common identity.
Outgroup “Them”
Those perceived as different or apart from “us” (the ingroup).
Ingroup Bias
Tendency to favor one’s own group at the expense of other groups
Scapegoat Theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Just-World Phenomenon
The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Reflects child’s attitude that good is rewarded and evil is punished
Bystander Effect
The tendency for a person to be less likely to give aid if other people are present.
John Darley - Psychologist who, with Bibb Latane, researched the circumstances that determine when a bystander will intervene on behalf of another person.
Famous case of Kitty Genovese--38 people heard her cry for help but didn’t help. She was raped and stabbed to death.
Factors Increasing Bystander Intervention
-not in a hurry
-believe the victim deserves help
-in a good mood
-feeling guilty
-live in a small town or rural area
-just saw someone being helpful